Molecular Basis of Calcium Signaling in Lymphocytes: STIM and ORAI
By P. Hogan, R. Lewis, Anjana Rao. Annual Review of Immunology, 2010
775 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Ca2+ entry into cells of the peripheral immune system occurs through highly Ca2+-selective channels known as CRAC (calcium release-activated calcium) channels. CRAC channels are a very well-characterized example of store-operated Ca2+ channels, so designated because they open when the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store becomes depleted. Physiologically, Ca2+ is released from the ER lumen into the cytoplasm when activated receptors couple to phospholipase C and trigger production of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). IP3 binds to IP3 receptors in the ER membrane and activates Ca2+ release. The proteins STIM and ORAI were discovered through limited and genome-wide RNAi screens, respectively, performed in Drosophila cells and focused on identifying modulators of store-operated Ca2+ entry. STIM1 and STIM2 sense the depletion of ER Ca2+ stores, whereas ORAI1 is a pore subunit of the CRAC channel. In this review, we discuss selected aspects of Ca2+ signaling in cells of the immune system, focusing on the roles of STIM and ORAI proteins in store-operated Ca2+ entry.
Subfields: Immunology, Molecular Biology, Sensory Systems
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/47728930709b0506dc531e948b081eac1333b8a9
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Citations in the corpus
- Handbook of ion channels (2015, background): “We now know that CRAC channels are activated through the binding of the ER Ca2+ sensors stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and STIM2 to the CRAC channel proteins ORAI1, ORAI2, and ORAI3 [17,18].”
- Calcium in tumour metastasis: new roles for known actors (2011, background): “The SOCs that require STIM1 and ORAI1 for operatio”