Going deeper than microscopy: the optical imaging frontier in biology

By Vasilis Ntziachristos. Nature Methods, 2010

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Contrast agents for molecular photoacoustic imaging (2016, background): “Microscopy and other techniques that utilize unscattered photons provide high resolution (~1 μm) images but only to a maximum depth of ~1 mm in most tissues; diffuse optical techniques such as fluorescence and near infrared optical tomography that exploit multiply scattered photons can reach depths ”
Non-invasive single-shot imaging through scattering layers and around corners via speckle correlations (2014, methodology): “the memory-effect range (the FOV). Parts of the object that lie beyond this range would produce uncorrelated speckle patterns, and would not contribute properly to the calculated autocorrelation 29 ; (2) A single speckle grain should be well resolved by the camera (adequate Shannon-Nyquist sampling)”
Light fields in complex media: Mesoscopic scattering meets wave control (2017, background): “In imaging, this strong suppression of “ballistic light” in turbid media is in fact one of the key challenges for techniques based on light in the visible part of the spectrum, which is scattered significantly, e.g., in biological tissue (Ntziachristos, 2010).”