Silent Summer: Bumblebees

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Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates (2014, unknown): “A small number of bumblebee species are commercially reared for pollination, but many of the non-managed bumblebees also contribute substantially to crop pollination (Chagnon et al. 1993; Bosch and Kemp 2006; Greenleaf and Kremen 2006; Goulson 2010).”
Chronic impairment of bumblebee natural foraging behaviour induced by sublethal pesticide exposure (2014, background): “…these same queens must individually establish a new colony, requiring them to locate a suitable nest site, to produce and incubate at least their first batch of workers, and to forage extensively for nectar and pollen to feed themselves and their hungry offspring (Sladen 1912; Goulson 2010).”
Morphological traits are linked to the cold performance and distribution of bees along elevational gradients (2016, background): “Small organisms, particularly those which can thermoregulate thorax temperature like bees (Stone & Willmer, 1989; Roberts & Harrison, 1998; Goulson, 2010; Stabentheiner & Kovac, 2014), may therefore reach energetic limits much faster than large organisms.”