Monopole and Dirac string Dynamics in Spin Ice

By L. Jaubert, P. Holdsworth. 2009

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Quantum Excitations in Quantum Spin Ice (2011, unknown): “We use the following local (âi, b̂i, êi) bases  ê0 = 1 √ 3 (1, 1, 1) ê1 = 1 √ 3 (1,−1,−1) ê2 = 1 √ 3 (−1, 1,−1) ê3 = 1 √ 3 (−1,−1, 1), ,  â0 = 1 √ 6 (−2, 1, 1) â1 = 1 √ 6 (−2,−1,−1) â2 = 1 √ 6 (2, 1,−1) â3 = 1 √ 6 (2,−1, 1) , (6)”
Real-space observation of emergent magnetic monopoles and associated Dirac strings in artificial kagome spin ice (2011, background): “In pyrochlore spin ice, the monopole–antimonopole pairs are connected by a string of overturned dipoles, which is often called a Dirac strin”
Melting artificial spin ice (2011, background): “These defects carry accumulations of effective magnetic charge and, in the case of 3D spin ice, have been successfully described using the language of emergent magnetic monopoles [29, 35, 36].”
Spin liquids in frustrated magnets (2010, background): “Jaubert and Holdsworth showed that the energy of a monopole can be extracted from the Arrhenius behaviour of the magnetic relaxation rat”
Creation and measurement of long-lived magnetic monopole currents in spin ice (2011, unknown): “Subsequent work found consistency with this pictur”
Direct observation of magnetic monopole defects in an artificial spin-ice system (2010, methodology): “Although these topological excitations are confined to the dipole lattice, and they are compatible with Maxwell’s equation”