DNS of wall turbulence: dilute polymers and self-sustaining mechanisms

By E. Angelis, C. Casciola, Renzo Piva. 2002

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Turbulent pipe flow of shear-thinning fluids (2004, result): “[4–7]).”
New Answers on the Interaction Between Polymers and Vortices in Turbulent Flows (2005, methodology): “The numerical experiments allow us to characterize the importance of each component of the polymer body force on the drag-reducing and turbulence-enhancing properties found or suggested in other publications [ 7 , 22, 27].”
On the coherent drag-reducing and turbulence-enhancing behaviour of polymers in wall flows (2004, background): “Quantitatively, correlations just become stronger with increasing DR. The anti-correlation of velocity and polymer body force has also been reported by Stone, Waleffe & Graham (2001) and De Angelis, Casciola & Piva (2002) for LDR flows.”
Effects of polymer stresses on eddy structures in drag-reduced turbulent channel flow (2006, background): “This is consistent with the findings of de Angelis et al. (2002) and Li et al. (2006a) that the correlation of u′ and f ′x is positive very close to the wall but changes its sign away from the wall.”