Soybean Response to Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the United States and Argentina

By M. Leggett, M. Diaz-Zorita, M. Koivunen, R. Bowman, R. Pesek, C. Stevenson, T. Leister. 2017

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1031 Soybean was fi rst cultivated in China and is now the most important annual grain legume in the world, with the United States, Brazil, and Argentina the leading producers (Vieira et al., 2010). Soybean is a host for the N2–fi xing bacteria, B. japonicum and B. elkanii, and they can obtain up to 50% or more of their N needs through biological nitrogen fi xation (BNF) when B. japonicum and B. elkanii are present in the soil (Elmore, 1984; Collino et al. 2015). As the crop is not native to North and South America, the soils in these areas do not have a native rhizobia population, unless there has been prolonged use of inoculated seed (Zerpa et al., 2013). In South America, soybean may be infected by other native species of rhizobia but their eff ectiveness in fi xing atmospheric N2 is variable (Althabegoiti et al., 2008). Inoculation of soybean seed at planting with B. japonicum came into common practice in the United States in the early part of the 20th century (Pueppke, 2005) and in Argentina in the mid-1970s (Hungria et al., 2005). Soybean inoculation at planting is more common in South America than in the United States. In Argentina, approximately 80% of soybean is inoculated each year (Perticari, 2015), while in the United States, only 15% of farmers use inoculants (Graham et al., 2004). Factors, among others, that may have contributed to a decreased utilization of inoculation practices in the United States are the use of plant varieties limited in their ability to fi x N2 in symbiosis, and edaphic constraints that include soil acidifi cation, drought, and shortage of specifi c nutrients (Graham et al., 2004) as well as the limited yield increase of seed inoculation in soils with soybean history (De Bruin et al., 2010). Studies conducted in 2000 estimated that the average N2 fi xation in dryland soybean in the United States was 100 kg N ha–1 for aboveground biomass and as much as 142 kg N ha–1 if root biomass was included (Pueppke, 2005). Th e portion of plant N derived via BNF varies based on the calculation method used, agronomic practices, and soil and environmental conditions. Soybean Response to Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the United States and Argentina

Subfields: Agronomy and Crop Science, Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/461d68271c26f5558b9e8daedeb33cb3867177e5

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