Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE) Imaging in the Human Brain at 7 T
By Craig K. Jones, A. Huang, Jiadi Xu, R. Edden, M. Schär, J. Hua, N. Oskolkov, D. Zacà, Jinyuan Zhou, M. McMahon and 2 more. NeuroImage, 2013
327 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a magnetization transfer (MT) technique to indirectly detect pools of exchangeable protons through the water signal. CEST MRI has focused predominantly on signals from exchangeable protons downfield (higher frequency) from water in the CEST spectrum. Low power radiofrequency (RF) pulses can slowly saturate protons with minimal interference of conventional semi-solid based MT contrast (MTC). When doing so, saturation-transfer signals are revealed upfield from water, which is the frequency range of non-exchangeable aliphatic and olefinic protons. The visibility of such signals indicates the presence of a relayed transfer mechanism to the water signal, while their finite width reflects that these signals are likely due to mobile solutes. It is shown here in protein phantoms and the human brain that these signals build up slower than conventional CEST, at a rate typical for intramolecular nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) effects in mobile macromolecules such as proteins/peptides and lipids. These NOE-based saturation transfer signals show a pH dependence, suggesting that this process is the inverse of the well-known exchange-relayed NOEs in high resolution NMR protein studies, thus an relayed-NOE CEST process. When studying 6 normal volunteers with a low-power pulsed CEST approach, the relayed-NOE CEST effect was about twice as large as the CEST effects downfield and larger in white matter than gray matter. This NOE contrast upfield from water provides a way to study mobile macromolecules in tissue. First data on a tumor patient show reduction in both relayed NOE and CEST amide proton signals leading to an increase in magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry, providing insight into previously reported amide proton transfer (APT) effects in tumors.
Subfields: Biophysics, Materials Chemistry, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/460b24203ac6bc69319de2d3698f847cdf8fc612
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Citations in the corpus
- Magnetization Transfer Contrast and Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MRI. Features and Analysis of the Field-Dependent Saturation Spectrum (2017, methodology): “…minimum commonly seen in cancer cells (Desmond et al., 2014; Jones et al., 2013) and the brain (Heo et al., 2016a, 2016b, 2016c; Jin et al., 2013; Jones et al., 2013) occurs at approximately –(2.0–3.5) ppm, corresponding to the frequency offset of tertiary, secondary and primary aliphatic groups…”