Femtocell networks: a survey

By Vikram Chandrasekhar, Jeffrey G. Andrews, Alan Gatherer. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2008

3,229 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The surest way to increase the system capacity of a wireless link is by getting the transmitter and receiver closer to each other, which creates the dual benefits of higher-quality links and more spatial reuse. In a network with nomadic users, this inevitably involves deploying more infrastructure, typically in the form of microcells, hot spots, distributed antennas, or relays. A less expensive alternative is the recent concept of femtocells - also called home base stations - which are data access points installed by home users to get better indoor voice and data coverage. In this article we overview the technical and business arguments for femtocells and describe the state of the art on each front. We also describe the technical challenges facing femtocell networks and give some preliminary ideas for how to overcome them.

Subfields: Computational Theory and Mathematics, Computer Networks and Communications, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/45f3c32500673a1af96ccbf9fe6bb7933c5e07a9

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Computational Theory and Mathematics

In Computer Networks and Communications

In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Citations in the corpus

Resource Allocation for Cognitive Small Cell Networks: A Cooperative Bargaining Game Theoretic Approach (2015, background): “1, we consider an OFDMA cognitive small cell network where K co-channel cognitive small base stations (CSBSs) are overlaid on a primary macrocell.”
Energy-Efficient Base-Stations Sleep-Mode Techniques in Green Cellular Networks: A Survey (2015, background): “The fourth category tackles the problem by deploying small cells, including micro, pico and femto cells, in the cellular network [36].”
FemtoCaching: Wireless Content Delivery Through Distributed Caching Helpers (2013, background): “…beyond the scope of this paper, involving research issues at multiple layers, such as the physical layer of a small cell tier architecture [see [4] and references therein)], or the scheduling protocols for video streaming over wireless networks (e.g., see [15], [18], [19]), here we focus on a…”
Enabling Wireless Power Transfer in Cellular Networks: Architecture, Modeling and Deployment (2012, background): “Cellular networks traditionally are modelled using hexagonal grids but such models lack tractability and fail to account for ad hoc BS deployment that is a trend of network evolution [2].”
A survey of millimeter wave communications (mmWave) for 5G: opportunities and challenges (2015, background): “Heterogeneous networking has gained considerable attention from academia and industry [135–138].”
Device-to-Device Communication in LTE-Advanced Networks: A Survey (2015, methodology): “…geometry can be a helpful mathematical tool for modeling the spatial distributions of macro eNBs, pico eNBs, femto eNBs, and mobile UEs [108], [109], and analyzing the transmission rate [110], [111], outage probability [112], etc. D2D With Network Coding: As a revolutionary technique, network…”
Energy Efficient Heterogeneous Cellular Networks (2013, background): “A heterogeneous network uses a mixture of macrocells and small cells such as microcells, picocells, and femtocells.”
Beamspace MIMO for high-dimensional multiuser communication at millimeter-wave frequencies (2013, background): “In current wireless networks operating below 5 GHz, two main approaches are being pursued for addressing this challenge: small cells to increase spatial re-use of spectrum [1], [2], and multiantenna multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology for managing interference and increasing spectral ef”
What Will 5G Be? (2014, background): “Our view is that the required 1000x will, for the most part, be achieved through combined gains in three categories: a) Extreme densiﬁcation and ofﬂoading to improve the area spectral efﬁciency.”
Resource Allocation in Spectrum-Sharing OFDMA Femtocells With Heterogeneous Services (2014, background): “Therefore, the update of the cross-tier interference's dual available in (26) can be given as˜μ (i+1) n = ˜ μ (i) n − ˜ β (i) 3 ˜ I th n − K k=1 F u=1˜s k,u,n ˜ g MF k,u,n + , ∀n (30) where˜μ (i) n is the dual variable for the cross-tier interference constraint in iteration i, ˜ s k,u,n is the trans”
Towards 1 Gbps/UE in Cellular Systems: Understanding Ultra-Dense Small Cell Deployments (2015, background): “These small cell deployments are mainly in the form of home small cells, known as femtocells [10], [11], [27], but many operators have also already started to deploy outdoor small cell solutions to complement their macrocell coverage [28].”
Femtocells: Past, Present, and Future (2012, background): “1: Traffic demand for North America [2] One of most interesting trends to emerge from this cellular (r)evolution are femtocells [3], [4].”
Uplink capacity and interference avoidance for two-tier femtocell networks (2007, background): “A femtocell serves as a small range end-consumer installed data access point situated around high user density hotspots serving stationary or low-mobility users [3].”
Security for 5G and Beyond (2019, background): “Small cells, such as femtocells [116], [117] and picocells [118], [119] using low power access points have gained momentum due to many benefits such as low-cost and indoor”
A Survey of 5G Network: Architecture and Emerging Technologies (2015, background): “A general observation of the researchers has shown in [14] that most of the wireless users stay inside for approximately 80 percent of time and outside for approximately 20 percent of the time.”