Trade and Income—Exploiting Time Series in Geography

By James D. Feyrer. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2019

290 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Establishing a robust causal relationship between trade and income has been difficult. Frankel and Romer (1999) uses a geographic instrument to identify a positive effect of trade on income. Rodriguez and Rodrik (2001) shows that these results are not robust to controlling for omitted variables such as distance to the equator or institutions. This paper solves the omitted variable problem by generating a time-varying geographic instrument. Improvements in aircraft technology have caused the quantity of world trade carried by air to increase over time. Country pairs with relatively short air routes compared to sea routes benefit more from this change in technology. This heterogeneity can be used to generate a geography-based instrument for trade that varies over time. The time-series variation allows for controls for country fixed effects, eliminating the bias from time-invariant variables such as distance from the equator or historically determined institutions. Trade has a significant effect on income with an elasticity of roughly one-half. Differences in predicted trade growth can explain roughly 17 percent of the variation in cross-country income growth between 1960 and 1995. (JEL F14, F43, L93)

Subfields: Economics and Econometrics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/4584796b688ce42eb9246e6a8e60f5988cf8e7ba

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Citations in the corpus

The costs and benefits of leaving the EU: trade effects (2017, methodology): “Combining this decline with the estimates of Feyrer (2009) implies that leaving the EU and joining EFTA would reduce the UK’s income per capita by between 6.3% and 9.4%.”