Effects of resource competition and herbivory on plant performance along a natural productivity gradient

By René van der Wal, M. Egas, A. M. van der Veen, J. Bakker. 2000

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Manipulation of nutrients and grazing levels on heather moorland: changes in Calluna dominance and consequences for community composition (2005, background): “This change in competitive ability concurs with other work studying the effect of grazing along a nutrient gradient (e.g. Turkington et al. 1993; Van der Wal et al. 2000).”
Herbivory has a greater impact in shade than in sun: response of Quercus pyrenaica seedlings to multifactorial environmental variation (2004, background): “Forest regeneration is influenced by biotic factors including browsing, competition, and insect pests (Ammer 1996; Buckley et al. 1998; Meiners et al. 2000; Weltzin et al. 1998; Van der Wal et al. 2000; Wada et al. 2000), by abiotic factors including resources such as light, water, and nutrients (”
Herbivore and neighbour effects on tundra plants depend on species identity, nutrient availability and local environmental conditions (2007, background): “…effect of herbivory and increased productivity on plant competition may operate via increased microsite limitation, with little effect on the performance of adult plants but with a profound impact on seedlings (Van der Wal et al. 2000; Stevens et al. 2004; Eskelinen & Virtanen 2005; Gough 2006).”