Histone sumoylation is associated with transcriptional repression

By Y. Shiio, R. Eisenman. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2003

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Cancer epigenetics. (2005, background): “It is now realized that CpG island hypermethylation is just one facet of an integrated change in chromatin structure and in histone modifications (10,11), including histone H3 and H4 deacetylation (12), histone H3 lysine 9 methylation (13), histone H4 sumoylation (14) and reduced histone H3 lysine 4”
Regulation of nucleosome dynamics by histone modifications (2013, neutral): “All four core histones are known to be sumoylated in vivo 77,78 , and histone sumoylation is generally associated with transcriptional repression, although it is not clear how this effect is mediated.”
SUMO and ubiquitin in the nucleus: different functions, similar mechanisms? (2004, background): “Targeting the SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9 to DNA was found to increase levels of SUMO at the promoter (although not necessarily conjugated to histone H4) and repress transcription (Shiio and Eisenman 2003).”