Farming, small-scale mining and rural livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa: A critical overview

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Socioeconomic and environmental assessment of informal artisanal and small-scale mining in Ghana (2018, background): “It provides employment (Hilson, 2016), supports livelihoods of poor rural populations (Fisher et al.”
Socio-economic and environmental implications of Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (ASM) on agriculture and livelihoods (2020, methodology): “In addition, scholars have put forward more general interpretations on the importance of change in the agrarian economy in which ASM is noted as a central feature (Hilson, 2016a, 2016b; Pijpers, 2014).”
Determinant factors of livelihood diversification: Evidence from Ethiopia (2017, background): “Africa as a continent is identified by subsistence farmers, nonfarm income sources already account for as much as 40–45% of average household income (Hilson, 2016; Saha & Bahal, 2012).”
Hidden transcripts of the gig economy: labour agency and the new art of resistance among African gig workers (2019, background): “Much of this literature is still rooted in the mining-agriculturalindustry complex (on mining and farm labour, see Hilson, 2016), but we focus on gig work in Africa, which is largely informal.”