A brief history of the internet

By B. Leiner, V. Cerf, D. Clark, R. Kahn, Leonard Kleinrock, Daniel C. Lynch, Jonathan B. Postel, L. Roberts, S. Wolff. 1999

This paper was first published online by the Internet Society in December 2003 and is being re-published in ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review because of its historic import. It was written at the urging of its primary editor, the late Barry Leiner. He felt that a factual rendering of the events and activities associated with the development of the early Internet would be a valuable contribution. The contributing authors did their best to incorporate only factual material into this document. There are sure to be many details that have not been captured in the body of the document but it remains one of the most accurate renderings of the early period of development available.

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Citations in the corpus

A Survey on Information and Communication Technologies for Industry 4.0: State-of-the-Art, Taxonomies, Perspectives, and Challenges (2019, background): “[56] for a historical perspective on the Internet, and in the following we will consider only its basic aspects that are functional to introducing the opportunities, challenges, and risks involved in the context of I4.”
Digital Stress over the Life Span: The Effects of Communication Load and Internet Multitasking on Perceived Stress and Psychological Health Impairments in a German Probability Sample (2017, background): “The fact that the majority of existing research on the negative effects of ICT-related stress and strain is focused on work-related ICT use is not surprising, given the fact that access to online communication was mainly restricted to military, governmental, or corporate organizations during the ear”
Net Neutrality: A Fast Lane to Understanding the Trade-offs (2016, background): “Useful starting points for interested readers would include Abbate (1999), Leiner et al. (2003), and Waldrop (2001). The transition from the noncommercial to the commercial Internet is explained in Greenstein (2015).”
Digital ecosystems in the clouds: Towards community cloud computing (2009, background): “Therefore, essentially reformulating the Internet to reﬂect its current uses and scale, while maintaining the original intentions [7] for sustainability in the face of adversity.”
Assessing Sex Experiences of Online Victimization: An Examination of Adolescent Online Behaviors Using Routine Activity Theory (2010, background): “Keywords victimization, Internet, routine activity theory, sex Introduction The technological advancement of what was termed ‘‘ARPANET’’ quickly evolved into what we now refer to as the Internet (Leiner et al., 2003).”
Differential Privacy Techniques for Cyber Physical Systems: A Survey (2018, background): “In the meantime, another path named networks was also leading towards this area from the origin of Internet and cellular telephony [119].”