Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer.

By Tewart, Nderson, Ohn, RYANt, Ichard, M. G., Argolese, Elvin, Eutsch, Dwin and 7 more. 2002

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Delivering High-Quality Cancer Care: Charting a New Course for a System in Crisis (2014, background): “For example, women with breast cancer can often choose from different courses of treatment—mastectomy versus lumpectomy followed by radiation—and expect equivalent survival outcomes (Fisher et al., 2002).”
Medical hyperspectral imaging: a review (2014, background): “Although ∼45% of patients with breast cancer undergo primary surgical treatment with mastectomy, the rates of complete resection remain surprisingly low and re-excision rates in breast lumpectomy have been reported to be as high as 40% in some studies.(197) Residual tumors that were not apparent to ”
Society of Surgical Oncology–American Society for Radiation Oncology Consensus Guideline on Margins for Breast-Conserving Surgery With Whole-Breast Irradiation in Stages I and II Invasive Breast Cancer (2014, neutral): “Multiple randomized phase III trials with mature followup have conclusively demonstrated that survival after breast-conserving therapy (BCT), defined as surgical excision of the primary tumor and a margin of surrounding normal tissue followed by whole-breast radiation therapy (WBRT), is equivalent t”