An investigation of the thermal performance of cylindrical heat pipes using nanofluids

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A critical synthesis of thermophysical characteristics of nanofluids (2011, background): “A large number of research work related to the heat transfer enhancement using nanofluids both experimentally and theoretically was conducted by a number of investigators [1–15].”
Heat transfer characteristics of a two-phase closed thermosyphons using nanofluids (2011, background): “[26] established an optimum mass concentration for nanoparticles in maximizing the heat transfer limit and Guo-Shan Wang [27] investigate the operation characteristics in steady operation process and the unsteady startup process.”
Recent Advances in Heat Transfer Enhancements: A Review Report (2010, background): “[145] analyzed and modeled the influence of a nanofluid on the thermal performance of a cylindrical heat pipe.”
A new frontier of nanofluid research – Application of nanofluids in heat pipes (2012, background): “The model assumed that vapor and liquid flow are steady and laminar and transport properties of the vapor and liquid are considered to be constant; the vapor injection and suction rates are considered to be uniform in the evaporator and condenser, respectively [12].”
Thermal performance of screen mesh wick heat pipes using water-based copper nanofluids (2013, methodology): “Recently, mathematical models have been presented to evaluate the thermal performance of heat pipes with nanofluids [7,27,28].”