Experimental investigation of the governing parameters in the electrospinning of polymer solutions

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Free surface electrospinning from a wire electrode (2012, background): “1 -1 g of fiber per hour, depending on the solution properties and operating parameters; in general, the smallest fibers are fabricated by reducing the solids content of the spin dope or by reducing the flow rate to the spinneret, both of which lead to lower productivity [1].”
Electrospinning of Technical Lignins for the Production of Fibrous Networks (2010, background): “[7] It is well known that the morphology of electrospun fibers depends on the fluid properties such as viscosity, relaxation time, surface tension, and conductivity.[35,36] The solution properties are functions of the polymer-solvent system, chain entanglements, and/or specific intermolecular intera”
Analysis of the Effects of Solution Conductivity on Electrospinning Process and Fiber Morphology (2011, methodology): “Nonetheless, the surface charge density (σ) can be determined approximately using (7) [ 5 ]”