Knowing how much you don't know: a neural organization of uncertainty estimates

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Self-Evaluation of Decision-Making: A General Bayesian Framework for Metacognitive Computation (2017, background): “…outline in further detail below, decision confidence can be defined as a subjective probability of a decision being correct (Aitchison et al., 2015; Pouget et al., 2016), and is one of many forms of uncertainty that the brain may encode (Bach & Dolan, 2012; Meyniel, Schluneg-ger, & Dehaene, 2015).”
Affective Value in the Predictive Mind (2017, background): “Most likely, these computations are performed distributed in the brain (similar to first-order PP), given the widely distributed encoding of uncertainty in the brain depending on the domain concerned (Bach and Dolan 2012).”
Active inference and epistemic value (2015, background): “In behavioral terms, maximizing the entropy of controlled outcomes can be understood in terms of novelty bonuses and related concepts (Bach & Dolan, 2012; Daw et al., 2005; De Martino, Fleming, Garrett, & Dolan, 2012; Kakade & Dayan, 2002; Wittmann et al., 2008).”
Anterior Insular Cortex and Emotional Awareness (2013, neutral): “…insula) in both humans (Flynn et al., 1999; Butti and Hof, 2010; Bauernfeind et al., 2013; Butti et al., 2013) and macaque monkeys (Mesulam and Mufson, 1982a), although more subdivisions have been revealed in monkeys recently (Gallay et al., 2012; Evrard H, Logothetis NK, Craig AD, in press).”