Progress and Challenge for Magnesium Alloys as Biomaterials

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Assessing the corrosion of biodegradable magnesium implants: a critical review of current methodologies and their limitations. (2012, methodology): “Hydrogen evolution (H 2 ) experiments have been used in more than 35 studies to determine Mg alloy in vitro performance [10,11,13,18,20,24,48,57,59–86].”
Biodegradable magnesium alloys for orthopaedic applications: A review on corrosion, biocompatibility and surface modifications. (2016, background): “In the galvanic series, Mg is the most active metal, and always an active anode, if it made contact with other metals acting as higher potential (cathode) [36, 37].”
Calcium phosphate coatings on magnesium alloys for biomedical applications: a review. (2012, positive): “The elastic modulus of Mg has been reported as 45 GPa [23] and therefore, in comparison with the current metals in clinical use, is far closer to the elastic modulus of bone.”
Biomedical coatings on magnesium alloys - a review. (2012, background): “To date magnesium and its alloys have mainly been studied in the development of cardiovascular stents, bone fixation materials, and porous scaffolds for bone repair [8–10].”
In vitro corrosion degradation behaviour of Mg–Ca alloy in the presence of albumin (2010, background): “As an essential element in the human body, magnesium degrades spontaneously in body fluids via corrosion to remove the stress shielding effect and avoid repeated surgeries [1–3].”