Extensive Air Showers and Hadronic Interactions at High Energy

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The Muon Puzzle in cosmic-ray induced air showers and its connection to the Large Hadron Collider (2021, background): “They are the largest source of uncertainties in air shower simulations (Engel et al. 2011; Pierog 2018).”
Ultra high energy cosmic rays: implications of Auger data for source spectra and chemical composition (2013, background): “Most of such models fit low energy accelerator data while providing somewhat different results when extrapolated to the energies of relevance for UHECRs (for a review see [32] and references therein).”
Radio detection of cosmic ray air showers in the digital era (2016, background): “edu cles initiated by the primary cosmic ray in the atmosphere [3].”
Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies (2019, unknown): “Updating the interaction models led to a shift of the X max predictions to larger depths (Engel et al., 2011; Pierog, 2018).”
Depth of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray Induced Air Shower Maxima Measured by the Telescope Array Black Rock and Long Ridge FADC Fluorescence Detectors and Surface Array in Hybrid Mode (2018, background): “For details about the treatment of hadronic showers as related to cosmic ray composition refer to Engel et al. (2011) and Kampert & Unger (2012).”