Human aminopeptidase N is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E

By C. Yeager, R. Ashmun, Richard K Williams, C. B. Cardellichio, L. Shapiro, A. Look, K. Holmes. 1992

HUMAN coronaviruses (HCV) in two serogroups represented by HCV-229E and HCV-OC43 are an important cause of upper respiratory tract infections1. Here we report that human aminopeptidase N, a cell-surface metalloprotease on intestinal, lung and kidney epithelial cells2–5, is a receptor for human coronavirus strain HCV-229E, but not for HCV-OC43. A monoclonal antibody, RBS, blocked HCV-229E virus infection of human lung fibroblasts, immunoprecipitated aminopeptidase N and inhibited its enzymatic activity. HCV-229E-resistant murine fibroblasts became susceptible after transfection with complementary DNA encoding human aminopeptidase N. By contrast, infection of human cells with HCV-OC43 was not inhibited by antibody RBS and expression of aminopeptidase N did not enhance HCV-OC43 replication in mouse cells. A mutant aminopeptidase lacking the catalytic site of the enzyme did not bind HCV-229E or RBS and did not render murine cells susceptible to HCV-229E infection, suggesting that the virus-binding site may lie at or near the active site of the human aminopeptidase molecule.

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Citations in the corpus

Coronaviruses: An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis (2015, unknown): “HCoV-229E APN [ 115 ]”
Molecular basis of binding between novel human coronavirus MERS-CoV and its receptor CD26 (2013, background): “CD26 is the third peptidase to be identified as a functional coronavirus receptor, the others being aminopeptidase N (ANPEP, also known as APN and CD13) 10, 11 and ACE2 (ref.”
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus (2003, background): “A number of group I coronaviruses, for example human coronavirus 229E, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and feline infectious peritonitis virus, require the zinc metalloprotease aminopeptidase N (APN, CD13) for entry into their target cells [7] [8] [9] .”
Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways (2004, background): “Aminopeptidase N (CD13) is a receptor for at least two human coronaviruses [26,27] and was proposed as a receptor for SARS-CoV [28].”
A human coronavirus evolves antigenically to escape antibody immunity (2020, methodology): “Of the four human-endemic common-cold coronaviruses, the two alphacoronaviruses 229E and NL63 are similar to SARS-CoV-2 in binding a protein receptor via the spike’s receptor-binding domain (RBD, also known as S1-B) [6,32,33].”
SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor (2020, background): “Expression plasmids for vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV, serotype Indiana) glycoprotein (VSV-G), Nipah virus (NiV) fusion (F) and attachment glycoprotein (G), SARS-S (derived from the Frankfurt-1 isolate) with or without a C-terminal HA epitope tag, HCoV-229E-S, MERS-S, human and bat angiotensin con”
The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses (2006, background): “…of an identified receptor in nonpermissive cells, often of a heterologous species, invariably has rendered those cells permissive for the corresponding coronavirus (Delmas et al., 1992; Dveksler et al., 1991; Li et al., 2003, 2004; Mossel et al., 2005; Tresnan et al., 1996; Yeager et al., 1992).”
Identification of residues in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of human coronavirus NL63 that are critical for the RBD-ACE2 receptor interaction. (2008, background): “Human aminopeptidase N (hAPN or CD13) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) have been identified as the functional receptors for 229E and SARSCoV, respectively (Li et al., 2003; Yeager et al., 1992).”
What’s new in the renin-angiotensin system? (2004, background): “Other group 1 coronaviruses that use this same zinc metalloprotease for cell entry include feline infectious peritonitis virus, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and canine coronavirus [21] [22] [23] [24] .”