Gust soaring as a basis for the flight of petrels and albatrosses (Procellariiformes)

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Long-distance migration: evolution and determinants (2003, background): “Upwards deflected winds and gusts near wave crests are however probably more likely sources of energy for the majority of soaring seabirds (Pennycuick 2002).”
Wind field and sex constrain the flight speeds of central‐place foraging albatrosses (2009, background): “Al- though the exact mechanisms that albatrosses use to glide are still under debate, they are thought to rely predominantly on exploiting wind velocity gradients close to the surface of the sea (‘‘gust’’ or ‘‘dynamic soaring’’; Tickell 2000, Pennycuick 2002).”
How do albatrosses fly around the world without flapping their wings (2011, methodology): “3) as described by Pennycuick (2002).”
The effects of locomotion on the structural characteristics of avian limb bones (2008, background): “Albatrosses (Diomedea) are particularly specialized for soaring, and are generally considered to rely primarily on high-speed dynamic soaring, by using either wind gradients (Tickell, 2000) or gust soaring (Pennycuick, 2002).”