Biochemical and physiological bases for the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in environmental and ecological studies
By N. Ohkouchi, N. Ogawa, Y. Chikaraishi, Hiroyuki Tanaka, E. Wada. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science, 2015
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We review the biochemical and physiological bases of the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions as an approach for environmental and ecological studies. Biochemical processes commonly observed in the biosphere, including the decarboxylation and deamination of amino acids, are the key factors in this isotopic approach. The principles drawn from the isotopic distributions disentangle the complex dynamics of the biosphere and allow the interactions between the geosphere and biosphere to be analyzed in detail. We also summarize two recently examined topics with new datasets: the isotopic compositions of individual biosynthetic products (chlorophylls and amino acids) and those of animal organs for further pursuing the basis of the methodology. As a tool for investigating complex systems, compound-specific isotopic analysis compensates the intrinsic disadvantages of bulk isotopic signatures. Chlorophylls provide information about the particular processes of various photoautotrophs, whereas amino acids provide a precise measure of the trophic positions of heterotrophs. The isotopic distributions of carbon and nitrogen in a single organism as well as in the whole biosphere are strongly regulated, so that their major components such as amino acids are coordinated appropriately rather than controlled separately.
Subfields: Atmospheric Science, Ecology, Oceanography
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/41baf35850e8649a7c5a3e3a0c42d4bf40328a94
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Citations in the corpus
- Embracing variability in amino acid δ15N fractionation: mechanisms, implications, and applications for trophic ecology (2016, background): “As such, isotopic discrimination of AA nitrogen is dependent upon the number and isotope effect of enzymatic reactions, as well as the flux of nitrogen through these pathways (Handley and raven 1992, Webb et al. 1998, ohkouchi et al. 2015).”
- Trophic position estimates of marine teleosts using amino acid compound specific isotopic analysis (2015, unknown): “Phe has been considered as a model source AA, as the major metabolic route of Phe does not involve either breakdown or formation of nitrogen bonds (Chikaraishi et al. 2007; Ohkouchi et al. 2015).”