The Linkage of Innate to Adaptive Immunity via Maturing Dendritic Cells In Vivo Requires CD40 Ligation in Addition to Antigen Presentation and CD80/86 Costimulation

By S. Fujii, Kang Liu, Caroline Smith, A. Bonito, R. Steinman. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2004

643 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Dendritic cell (DC) maturation is an innate response that leads to adaptive immunity to coadministered proteins. To begin to identify underlying mechanisms in intact lymphoid tissues, we studied α-galactosylceramide. This glycolipid activates innate Vα14+ natural killer T cell (NKT) lymphocytes, which drive DC maturation and T cell responses to ovalbumin antigen. Hours after giving glycolipid i.v., tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α and interferon (IFN)-γ were released primarily by DCs. These cytokines induced rapid surface remodeling of DCs, including increased CD80/86 costimulatory molecules. Surprisingly, DCs from CD40−/− and CD40L−/− mice did not elicit CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity, even though the DCs exhibited presented ovalbumin on major histocompatibility complex class I and II products and expressed high levels of CD80/86. Likewise, an injection of TNF-α up-regulated CD80/86 on DCs, but CD40 was required for immunity. CD40 was needed for DC interleukin (IL)-12 production, but IL-12p40−/− mice generated normal ovalbumin-specific responses. Therefore, the link between innate and adaptive immunity via splenic DCs and innate NKT cells has several components under distinct controls: antigen presentation in the steady state, increases in costimulatory molecules dependent on inflammatory cytokines, and a distinct CD40/CD40L signal that functions together with antigen presentation (“signal one”) and costimulation (“signal two”) to generate functioning CD4+ T helper cell 1 and CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes.

Subfields: Immunology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/419c64d08cb907e7d5f178a9f11a3ed5bd7cb2c0

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In Immunology

1. K. Palucka
2. Jacques Banchereau
3. R. Steinman
4. H. Hemmi
5. Shizuo Akira
6. Yong‐jun Liu
7. R. Medzhitov

Citations in the corpus

• The crystal structure of human CD1d with and without α-galactosylceramide (2005, background): “Finally, α-GalCer has been recognized as having considerable potential for immune regulation and activatio”
• Cancer immunotherapy via dendritic cells (2012, positive): “The ligation of the co-stimulatory receptor CD40 (also known as TNFRSF5) is an essential signal for the differentiation of immature DCs into fully mature DCs that are able to launch adaptive T cell-mediated immunit”
• Dendritic cells: translating innate to adaptive immunity. (2006, background): “Is the production of inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, interferons) one of the most critical means whereby DCs translate innate to different forms of adaptive immunity?”
• Natural killer cells in cancer biology and therapy (2020, background): “In addition, by expressing high levels of CD40, NKT cells induce DC maturation, thus activating CTL and cNK cells to enhance their anti-tumor effects [134, 135].”