On the Correspondence between Mean Forecast Errors and Climate Errors in CMIP5 Models

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Connections Between Clouds, Radiation, and Midlatitude Dynamics: a Review (2015, background): “[37] found that CMIP5 models run in hindcast mode rapidly develop forecast errors similar to their climate biases, which they ascribed to the model physics (including cloud parameterizations).”
Understanding Cloud and Convective Characteristics in Version 1 of the E3SM Atmosphere Model (2018, methodology): “Earlier studies (Ma et al., 2014; Xie et al., 2012) indicated that many features in the climate simulation of clouds and precipitation can be examined in a few days’ hindcasts.”
Improved Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in E3SM With a Revised Convective Triggering Function (2019, methodology): “, the ZM scheme), in which CAPE is determined with a dilute plume approximation (dilute CAPE) described in Neale et al. (2008). This method considers mixing of the reference parcel with the free troposphere through mixing of entropy properties in a proportion depending on an assumed the entrainment ”