Experimental demonstration of violations of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems and short time scales.

By G. M. Wang, E. Sevick, E. Mittag, D. Searles, D. Evans. Physical Review Letters, 2002

721 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/40eba102932243fae4ebfeea8bb19d481145917c

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Citations in the corpus

Homogeneous non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of viscous flow: techniques and applications (2007, neutral): “…et al. (1987), Evans et al. (1993), Evans and Searles (1994), (1996), Gallavotti and Cohen (1995), Ayton et al. (2001), Mittag et al. (2002), Wang et al. (2002), Evans and Searles (2002), Mittag and Evans (2003), Williams et al. (2004), Reid et al. (2004), Carberry et al. (2004),…”
Fluctuation-dissipation: Response theory in statistical physics (2008, background): “Van Zon and Cohen pointed out that the quantity measured in the experiment of [213] was precisely the total work and thus, in agreement with their Langevin treatment.”
Nanometric optical tweezers based on nanostructured substrates (2008, neutral): “, regularly delivering new insights and discoverie”
Thermodynamic Formalism for Systems with Markov Dynamics (2006, methodology): “More recent experiments on electric circuits have been used to probe the hypotheses underlying the mathematics of those relations (for a nonexhaustive list of experimental references, see [ 6 ]).”
Principles of maximum entropy and maximum caliber in statistical physics (2013, positive): “Like fluctuation theorems (Evans, Cohen, and Morriss, 1993; Evans and Searles, 1994, 2002; Jarzynski, 1997; Crooks, 1999; Lebowitz and Spohn, 1999;Wang et al., 2002; Dewar, 2003; van Zon and Cohen, 2003; Seifert, 2005a, 2005b; Bodineau and Derrida, 2007; Derrida, 2007; Harris and Schütz, 2007;…”
Experimental verification of Landauer’s principle linking information and thermodynamics (2012, background): “Moreover, thermodynamic quantities on the scale of the thermal energy kT have been measured in mesoscopic systems such as colloidal particles in driven harmonic 25 and non-harmonic optical traps 26 .”
Stochastic thermodynamics, fluctuation theorems and molecular machines (2012, background): “[114] measured the distribution of what amounts to work (called Σt in their eq.”
A revolution in optical manipulation (2003, background): “and hydrodynamic fluctuations that may be interpreted as transient violations of the second law of thermodynamic”
Optical tweezers and their applications (2018, background): “For example, using trapped colloidal particles, it has been demonstrated that the presence of thermal fluctuations allows the violation of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems over short time scales, even though the second law still holds on average [255].”
The large deviation approach to statistical mechanics (2008, result): “These results form the basis of several experimental studies of fluctuation relations arising in the context of particles immersed in fluids [182,183], electrical circuits [183–185], granular media [186–190], turbulent fluids [191,192], and the effusion of ideal gases [193], among other systems.”