Effects of increased habitat complexity on fish assemblages associated with large artificial reef units (French Mediterranean coast)

By E. Charbonnel, C. Serre, S. Ruitton, J. Harmelin, A. Jensen. 2002

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Artificial reefs do increase secondary biomass production: mechanisms evidenced by stable isotopes (2014, background): “…architectural complexity of artificial structures provides shelter from predation for low trophic-level organisms or species at a vulnerable life stage, and allows the presence of numerous species of all sizes (Gorham & Alevizon 1989, Eklund 1997, Charbonnel et al. 2002, Gratwicke & Speight 2005).”
The comparative effects of habitat complexity on faunal assemblages of northern temperate artificial and natural reefs (2009, background): “…et al., 1996; Tupper and Boutilier, 1997; Charbonnel et al., 2002; Gratwicke and Speight, 2005), levels of species richness (Fabi and Fiorentini, 1994; Charbonnel et al., 2002; Gratwicke and Speight, 2005), and increases in species diversity (Roberts and Ormond, 1987; Fabi and Fiorentini, 1994).”