The use of gold nanoparticles to enhance radiotherapy in mice.

By J. Hainfeld, D. Slatkin, H. Smilowitz. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2004

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Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) using gold nanoparticles (2008, background): “Currently, gold nanospheres [84–91], gold nanorods [92–95], gold nanoshells [96–99], gold nanocages [100, 101], and carbon nanotubes [102] are the chief nanostructures that have been demonstrated in photothermal therapeutics due to their strongly enhanced absorption in the visible and NIR regions on”
Drug delivery and nanoparticles: Applications and hazards (2008, background): “In (Kawano et al 2006), and for the development of novel cancer therapy products (Hirsch et al 2003; Hainfeld et al 2004; Loo et al 2004; O’Neal et al 2004; Radt et al 2004).”
Radiotherapy enhancement with gold nanoparticles (2008, background): “The strategy underlying our research is to load tumours with gold, which absorbs more X-rays, thus depositing more of the beam’s energy there and resulting in a local dose increase specifically to tumour cells (Hainfeld et al 2004).”
Gold nanoparticles for applications in cancer radiotherapy: Mechanisms and recent advancements☆ (2017, background): “in 2004 provided the first experimental evidence of the radiation dose enhancement effects of AuNPs in vivo, which ignited exponential growth in the field of AuNP radiosensitization [33].”