The financial toxicity of cancer treatment: a pilot study assessing out-of-pocket expenses and the insured cancer patient's experience.

By S. Zafar, Jeffrey M. Peppercorn, D. Schrag, Donald H. Taylor, Amy Goetzinger, Xiaoyin Zhong, Amy P. Abernethy. The Oncologist, 2013

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Financial Insolvency as a Risk Factor for Early Mortality Among Patients With Cancer. (2016, background): “The term financial toxicity has been coined in reference to the growing recognition that high out-of-pocket expenditures during cancer treatment are putting many families into severe financial distress and, in some cases, leading to refusal of treatment or nonadherence to recommended treatments.(2) ”
Measuring financial toxicity as a clinically relevant patient‐reported outcome: The validation of the COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST) (2016, neutral): “22 Median Brief-POMS (range) 14 (1-50) <.”
American Society of Clinical Oncology Statement: A Conceptual Framework to Assess the Value of Cancer Treatment Options. (2015, background): “Patients experiencing high out-ofpocket costs have reported reducing their spending on food and clothing, reducing the frequency with which they take prescribed medications, avoiding recommended procedures, and skipping physician appointments to save money.(10,11) These unintended consequences risk ”
Financial Hardships Experienced by Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review (2017, neutral): “Many researchers combined components of the three different aspects of financial hardship to create a composite or summary measure, with items summarized into a single score/unit (eg, combining used savings, borrowed money or took out a loan, missed bill payments [8,23,43,44,54]).”