Endogenous sex hormones and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: reanalysis of nine prospective studies.

By T. Key, P. Appleby, I. Barnes, G. Reeves, Endogenous Hormones. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2002

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Diabetes mellitus and risk of breast cancer: A meta‐analysis (2007, background): “Epidemiologic studies have generally indicated positive relationships between estrogen and testosterone concentrations and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.(60,61) Some studies have found positive relations between estrogen and testosterone concentrations and breast cancer risk in preme”
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Brief Review About Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Signaling Pathways, Treatment and Role of Artificial Intelligence (2022, background): “In the case of premenopausal and postmenopausal women, physiological changes in endogenous sex hormones result in a higher risk of breast cancer (Hormones and Group, 2002; Zhang et al., 2013).”
Microbiome and Malignancy (2011, background): “Women with the highest circulating estrogen levels are at increased risk for developing postmenopausal endometrial (Lukanova et al., 2004) and breast cancers (Hankinson et al., 1998; Kaaks et al., 2005; Key et al., 2002; Lukanova et al., 2004; Toniolo et al., 1995; Woolcott et al., 2010).”
Obesity and Cancer: The Role of Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue (2009, background): “Prospective studies show that levels of endogenous sex steroids are strongly associated with postmenopausal breast and endometrial cancer risk (133-136).”