A review of efficiency criteria suitable for evaluating low-flow simulations

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Characterising performance of environmental models (2013, background): “For a discussion on the impact of transformations see Pushpalatha et al. (2012).”
A rational performance criterion for hydrological model (2020, methodology): “This is commonly done within the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency criterion (NSE, defined by Nash and Sutcliffe, 1970), which has been one of the most popular criteria used in hydrological modelling in the past few decades (Krause et al., 2005; Oudin et al., 2006; De Vos and Rientjes, 2010; Pushpalatha et ”
Which objective function to calibrate rainfall–runoff models for low-flow index simulations? (2017, methodology): “For the third discharge transformation, to avoid any problems with zero discharge, a small constant, ε, was added, which was one one-hundredth of the mean observed discharge as advised by Pushpalatha et al. (2012). Since the objective here was primarily to simulate low-flow indices, we chose to eval”