Generation and control of tracer particles for optical flow investigations in air

By Christian J. Kähler, B. Sammler, J. Kompenhans. 2002

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Particle tracer response across shocks measured by PIV (2011, methodology): “The particles vary from liquid DEHS droplets (Kähler et al. 2002) to solid TiO2 and SiO2 particles of different crystal size with and without dehydration treatment.”
On the resolution limit of digital particle image velocimetry (2012, methodology): “…following expression holds: D ds=S ð4Þ Figure 5 illustrates the effective particle image diameter as a function of the optical magnification for f# = 2 and dp = 1 lm, which is a typical particle diameter for air flow, according to Wernet and Wernet (1994), Melling (1997), and Kähler et al. (2002).”
On the uncertainty of digital PIV and PTV near walls (2012, methodology): “…with appropriate tracer particles that follow the fluid motion with sufficient accuracy, as discussed in Wernet and Wernet (1994), Melling (1997) and Kähler et al. (2002), 2. to use fluorescent particles as is typically done in microfluids (Santiago et al. 1998) or a tangential illumination…”