REPRESENTATIVE TERRESTRIAL SOLAR BRIGHTNESS PROFILES

By A. Neumann, A. Witzke, Scott A. Jones, Gregor Schmitt. 2002

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Direct normal irradiance related definitions and applications: The circumsolar issue (2014, methodology): “Alternatively, in Neumann et al. (2002), the average solar disk angle 0.2664 (4.65 mrad) is used for average sunshapes, thus introducing a small error—less than 1.7%—caused by neglecting the annual variation of the solar disk angle due to the elliptic path of the Earth around the sun.”
Assessment of the potential improvement due to multiple apertures in central receiver systems with secondary concentrators (2006, methodology): “According to DLR sunshape measurements (Neumann et al., 2002), a narrow sunshape with a rsunshape of 2.”
Optical modeling for a two-stage parabolic trough concentrating photovoltaic/thermal system using spectral beam splitting technology (2010, methodology): “Observed data collated by [18] and sunshapes generated with Eq.”