Optical clocks and relativity

By D. Hume. 2013

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Micius quantum experiments in space (2022, background): “…of quantum phases for wide areas (Lucamarini et al., 2018)], geophysics [mapping of the gravitational potential of Earth (Mehlstäubler et al., 2018)], and potential applications in fundamental physics [tests of general relativity and its foundations (Chou et al., 2010; Kolkowitz et al., 2016)].”
Making optical atomic clocks more stable with 10-16-level laser stabilization (2011, background): “factor of > 5 × 10(14), the highest achieved for any form of coherent spectroscopy [17, 18].”
Geopotential measurements with synchronously linked optical lattice clocks (2016, background): “(with �i=300 ms) is shown in Fig. 3b, which monitors the frequency difference for three days, with an uptime of 73 %. The two master clocks agree within the statistical uncertainty of 𝛥𝜈RIKEN2−1⁄𝜈0= 1(1) stat ×10 -18 (blue dots), demonstrating the reproducibility of these clocks. On the other han”
Gravitational wave detection with optical lattice atomic clocks (2016, background): “In addition, as groundbased optical atomic clocks become increasingly precise there is growing motivation to build space-based clocks for metrology, in order to avoid the gravitational redshifts caused by seismic activity [47,59].”
Synchronization of Distant Optical Clocks at the Femtosecond Level (2015, unknown): “[18] C.”