Fungal Bioconversion of Lignocellulosic Residues; Opportunities & Perspectives
By M. Dashtban, H. Schraft, Wensheng Qin. International Journal on Biological Sciences, 2009
775 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The development of alternative energy technology is critically important because of the rising prices of crude oil, security issues regarding the oil supply, and environmental issues such as global warming and air pollution. Bioconversion of biomass has significant advantages over other alternative energy strategies because biomass is the most abundant and also the most renewable biomaterial on our planet. Bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues is initiated primarily by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria which are capable of degrading lignocellulolytic materials. Fungi such as Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger produce large amounts of extracellular cellulolytic enzymes, whereas bacterial and a few anaerobic fungal strains mostly produce cellulolytic enzymes in a complex called cellulosome, which is associated with the cell wall. In filamentous fungi, cellulolytic enzymes including endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases (exoglucanases) and β-glucosidases work efficiently on cellulolytic residues in a synergistic manner. In addition to cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic activities, higher fungi such as basidiomycetes (e.g. Phanerochaete chrysosporium) have unique oxidative systems which together with ligninolytic enzymes are responsible for lignocellulose degradation. This review gives an overview of different fungal lignocellulolytic enzymatic systems including extracellular and cellulosome-associated in aerobic and anaerobic fungi, respectively. In addition, oxidative lignocellulose-degradation mechanisms of higher fungi are discussed. Moreover, this paper reviews the current status of the technology for bioconversion of biomass by fungi, with focus on mutagenesis, co-culturing and heterologous gene expression attempts to improve fungal lignocellulolytic activities to create robust fungal strains.
Subfields: Biomedical Engineering, Molecular Biology, Plant Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3eca1f1aa525a4219b05bc7580f6d586550f6b33
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Citations in the corpus
- Development of compatible lignocellulolytic fungal consortium for rapid composting of rice straw (2010, result): “The result of this experiment was in line with Dashtban et al. (2009), who reported enhanced carbon mineralization by fungi during the composting of rice straw.”
- Biology and biotechnology of Trichoderma (2010, background): “…of the enormous variety of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes from nature isolates (Kubicek et al. 1996) or other organisms secreting cellulases (Dashtban et al. 2009) and directed evolution (Nakazawa et al. 2009) complement the optimization of the regulatory mechanism of available production…”
- Fungal Solid-State Fermentation and Various Methods of Enhancement in Cellulase Production (2014, neutral): “Endoglucanase hydrolyzes cellulose chains to form new chain ends and these chain ends are further broken down into cellobiose and cello-oligosaccharides by exoglucanase [6,36].”