Identification and nomenclature of the genus Penicillium

By C. M. Visagie, J. Houbraken, J. Frisvad, Seung-Beom Hong, C. Klaassen, G. Perrone, K. Seifert, J. Varga, T. Yaguchi, R. Samson. Studies in Mycology, 2014

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Penicillium is a diverse genus occurring worldwide and its species play important roles as decomposers of organic materials and cause destructive rots in the food industry where they produce a wide range of mycotoxins. Other species are considered enzyme factories or are common indoor air allergens. Although DNA sequences are essential for robust identification of Penicillium species, there is currently no comprehensive, verified reference database for the genus. To coincide with the move to one fungus one name in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants, the generic concept of Penicillium was re-defined to accommodate species from other genera, such as Chromocleista, Eladia, Eupenicillium, Torulomyces and Thysanophora, which together comprise a large monophyletic clade. As a result of this, and the many new species described in recent years, it was necessary to update the list of accepted species in Penicillium. The genus currently contains 354 accepted species, including new combinations for Aspergillus crystallinus, A. malodoratus and A. paradoxus, which belong to Penicillium section Paradoxa. To add to the taxonomic value of the list, we also provide information on each accepted species MycoBank number, living ex-type strains and provide GenBank accession numbers to ITS, β-tubulin, calmodulin and RPB2 sequences, thereby supplying a verified set of sequences for each species of the genus. In addition to the nomenclatural list, we recommend a standard working method for species descriptions and identifications to be adopted by laboratories working on this genus.

Subfields: Cell Biology, Plant Science

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Citations in the corpus

Fungal diversity notes 709–839: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa with an emphasis on fungi on Rosaceae (2018, background): “I 128: 582 (1919) Notes: Keissleriella was introduced by Höhnel (1919) to accommodate Keissleriella aesculi as the type species.”
Reference sequence (RefSeq) database at NCBI: current status, taxonomic expansion, and functional annotation (2015, methodology): “Results from this curation effort have been used and cited by various publications (42–46) and have aided additional efforts at validating subsets of reference sequences, e.g. medically significant species (47).”
Phylogeny, identification and nomenclature of the genus Aspergillus (2014, background): “In section Circumdati , characters on CYA at 33 C have been shown to be taxonomically informative (Yilmaz et al. 2014, Visagie et al. 2014b), while growth on CYA at 45 – 50 C is informative for section Fumigati .”
Fungal diversity notes 491–602: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa (2017, background): “The genus Penicillium is divided into four subgenera— Aspergilloides, Penicillium, Biverticillata and Furcatum comprising 25 sections (Visagie et al. 2014).”