What controls liana success in Neotropical forests

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Liana Impacts on Carbon Cycling, Storage and Sequestration in Tropical Forests (2013, background): “…identify key environmental variables that drive both Neotropical as well as pan-tropical differences in liana success, though the availability of host trees and their characteristics (van der Heijden & Phillips 2008) and rainfall seasonality (Schnitzer 2005, DeWalt et al. 2010) have been suggested.”
Evidence for arrested succession in a liana‐infested Amazonian forest (2016, unknown): “…in atmospheric CO 2 concentration (Granados & K€ orner 2002), by long-term increases in tree dynamics (Phillips & Gentry 1994), and by higher potential evapotranspiration rates associated with longer and warmer dry seasons (Schnitzer 2005; van der Heijden & Phillips 2008; Schnitzer & Bongers 2011).”
Tropical Dry Forest Diversity, Climatic Response, and Resilience in a Changing Climate (2019, background): “Additionally, liana presence is highly correlated to elevation, with sharp declines in liana presence above 1000 masl [51,56].”
Annual Rainfall and Seasonality Predict Pan‐tropical Patterns of Liana Density and Basal Area (2010, methodology): “Furthermore, van der Heijden and Phillips (2008) also failed to find that the length of the dry season, as defined as number of consecutive months with mean rainfall o 100 mm, was a significant predictor of liana abundance.”