A Survey of Pesticide Residues in Pollen Loads Collected by Honey Bees in France

By M. Chauzat, J. Faucon, Anne-Claire Martel, J. Lachaize, N. Cougoule, M. Aubert. 2006

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Standard methods for toxicology research in Apis mellifera (2013, background): “Pollen is the natural source of proteins for bees but the risk of contamination by pesticides cannot be ruled out (Chauzat et al., 2006; Mullin et al., 2010).”
Impacts of Pesticides on Honey Bees (2016, background): “In recent years, a number of studies have reported the residue levels of agricultural pesticides found in pollen [66, 67] and nectar of flowers [68, 69], in water bodies of agricultural areas [28], as well as in beehive matrices, such as beebread, honey and wax [70, 71].”
Pesticide Residues and Bees – A Risk Assessment (2014, background): “To resolve this issue, several surveys have been carried out in recent years in North America [26,27,28], France [29,30], Spain [31] and India [32] among others, to find out the amounts and prevalence of pesticide residues present in pollen, honey, wax and other matrices of the bee hives (e.”