Toroidal dipolar excitation and macroscopic electromagnetic properties of metamaterials

By V. Savinov, V. Fedotov, N. Zheludev. 2014

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Extremely high Q -factor metamaterials due to anapole excitation (2016, background): “annels in metamolecules. It is generally accepted that anapole is a mode that occurs as a result of destructive interference between the toroidal and electric dipole moments, which are both radiating [3,6,14,17]. For the ideal anapole, radiation losses are absent due to the above mentioned interfere”
Nonlinear optics in all-dielectric nanoantennas and metasurfaces: a review (2019, background): “Figure 1(a) shows the schematic of charge-current distributions of the four major resonant modes in high-index dielectric particles (magnetic dipole, electric dipole, magnetic quadrupole, and electric quadrupole).(98) A positive charge (such as a proton) and a negative charge (such as an electron) f”
Dielectric metamaterials with toroidal dipolar response (2014, background): “To assess the role of the toroidal excitation in forming the observed resonant response, we compare the relative strength [60] of the toroidal dipole and standard chargecurrent multipoles in terms of the electromagnetic power they scatter in the far-field zone.”