Bioengineer effects on understory species richness, diversity, and composition change along an environmental stress gradient: Experimental and mensurative evidence

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The role of kelp species as biogenic habitat formers in coastal marine ecosystems (2017, background): “They 623 have been shown to be more diverse than comparable assemblages on reefs lacking a canopy 624 (Melville and Connell, 2001; Watt and Scrosati, 2013), most likely because canopies increase habitat 625 heterogeneity and ameliorate environmental conditions.”
Intertidal mussels as ecosystem engineers: their associated invertebrate biodiversity under contrasting wave exposures (2014, background): “Their ecological role is particularly relevant in stressful habitats, where bioengineers protect smaller species from the abiotic forces that would otherwise prevent many of them from occurring (Arroyo et al. 2003; Wright et al. 2006; He et al. 2013; Schöb et al. 2013; Watt and Scrosati 2013).”
Upwelling areas as climate change refugia for the distribution and genetic diversity of a marine macroalga (2016, background): “Canopy-forming bioengineer species, such as F. guiryi, increase local species richness and diversity, particularly in stressful environments (Watt & Scrosati, 2013).”