Free trade and the environment-development system

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Is Globalization Detrimental to CO2 Emissions in Japan? New Threshold Analysis (2017, background): “Werner et al. [17] and Liddle [18] recognized the potential role of the technique effect, through which trade openness (globalization) improves environmental quality.”
Estimating the environmental Kuznets curve for ecological footprint at the global level: A spatial econometric approach (2013, background): “…industries and services, increased nvironmental awareness and higher environmental expenditures lay important roles in shaping the EKC (Grossman and Krueger, 996; Suri and Chapman, 1998; Vukina et al., 1999; Antweiler et al., 001; Liddle, 2001; Pasche, 2002; Cole, 2004; Auci and Becchetti, 006).”
Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Survey (2004, background): “Free trade can be good for environment (Antweiler et al., 2001; Liddle, 2001).”
Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve in a Global Economy (2013, background): “[30] and Liddle, [31] pointed out that trade openness improves environmental quality via technique effect.”