A High Energy Density Vanadium Redox Flow Battery with 3 M Vanadium Electrolyte
By Sarah Roe, Chris Menictas, Maria Skyllas-Kazacos. 2016
247 citations recorded by the source corpus.
In this paper, a high energy density vanadium redox battery employing a 3 M vanadium electrolyte is reported. To stabilise the highly supersaturated vanadium solutions, several additives were evaluated as possible stabilizing agents for the thermal precipitation of supersaturated V(V) solutions at elevated temperatures. The Blank 3 M V(V) solution in a sulfuric acid supporting electrolyte containing 5 M total sulfates, showed thermal precipitation after 3 days, while the solution containing 1 wt% H 3 PO 4 additive increased the induction time for precipitation to over 47 days at 30 ◦ C. After 32 days, 3 M V(V) solutions containing 1 wt% sodium pentapoIyphosphate, 1 wt% K 3 PO 4 and 2 wt% (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 + 1 wt% H 3 PO 4 showed final V(V) concentrations of 2.7, 2.7 and 2.6 M respectively, compared to 2.4 M V(V) in the Blank solution. From the screening tests, selected additives were used in vanadium redox flow cell cycling studies employing a 3 M vanadium electrolyte. The cell was subjected to 90 charge-discharge cycles and no precipitation or capacity loss was observed in the presence of 1wt% H 3 PO 4 + 2 wt% ammonium sulfate. These results demonstrate that a significant enhancement in the energy density of the VRB can be achieved in the presence of additives that act as precipitation inhibitors for the vanadium ions. Attribution
Subfields: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Inorganic Chemistry
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3c2c026b8986b579e3b593ab9f5247192e713181
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Citations in the corpus
- A review of all‐vanadium redox flow battery durability: Degradation mechanisms and mitigation strategies (2019, background): “Roe et al 59 found adding 1 wt% H 3 PO 4 to a 3M V(V)/5M H 2 SO 4 solution increased the induction time of V(V) precipitation from 3 days (blank) to 47 days; higher concentrations (2% ‐ 3”
- Redox flow batteries: Status and perspective towards sustainable stationary energy storage (2021, methodology): “…from 1.1 V to 1.6 V. Typically, 1.6 – 1.7 M vanadium ions are dissolved in a sulfuric acid solution with a total sulfate concentration of ~5 M, but up to 2.5 M [14] and even 3 M active material concentrations [15] were successfully experimented using proper acid mixes and precipitation inhibitors.”