Resource degradation, marginalization, and poverty in small-scale fisheries: threats to social-ecological resilience in India and Brazil

By P. Nayak, L. E. Oliveira, Fikret Berkes. 2014

143 citations recorded by the source corpus.

In this study we examine poverty in local fisheries using a social-ecological resilience lens. In assessing why “fishery may rhyme with poverty”, Christophe Bene suggests a typology of impoverishment processes, which includes economic exclusion, social marginalization, class exploitation, and political disempowerment as key mechanisms that accelerate poverty. We extend his analysis by exploring these four mechanisms further and by intertwining them with processes of environmental change and degradation. Our goal is to understand poverty in local fisheries as a process rooted in social and institutional factors as influenced by ecological dynamics. We argue that understanding poverty will require a focus on the social-ecological system (SES) as a whole, and addressing poverty will mean rebuilding not only collapsed stocks but the entire social-ecological system, including restoring relationships between resources and people. Information from two cases, the Chilika Lagoon on the Bay of Bengal in India, and the Paraty region on the southeastern coast of Brazil, is used to understand how fishery social-ecological systems come under pressure from drivers at multiple levels, resulting in a range of impacts and pushing the system to a breaking point or collapse. We analyze elements of what it takes for the whole system to break down or collapse and push fishers into poverty and marginalization. The Chilika SES has already broken down, and the Paraty SES is under pressure from multiple drivers of change. The two cases help contrast key dynamics in the social, cultural, economic, political, and environmental spheres, for lessons on system collapse and recovery. Rebuilding fisheries may be examined as a process of building and strengthening resilience. The challenge is to make the fishery social-ecological system more resilient, with more flexibility and options, not only within fishing activities but also within a range of other sectors.

Subfields: Business and International Management, Economics and Econometrics, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3c19a1874dd927c0440b16a6f56c0c9c9b7731fa

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Citations in the corpus

Climate Change Impacts on Rural Poverty in Low-Elevation Coastal Zones (2015, background): “…are some of the poorest in coastal areas, and for many other poor coastal households, fishing provides an important source of food and occasional income (Béné et al. 2010; Campbell et al. 2006; Mills et al. 2011; Kronen et al. 2012; Nayak et al. 2014; Solaymani and Kari 2014; World Bank 2008).”
The role of diversification in dynamic small-scale fisheries: Lessons from Baja California Sur, Mexico (2015, background): “options and flexibility, buffering human communities from disturbance (Marschke and Berkes, 2006; Nayak et al., 2014).”