Evidence-based model for hand transmission during patient care and the role of improved practices.

By Didier Pittet, B. Allegranzi, H. Sax, S. Dharan, C. Pessoa-Silva, L. Donaldson, J. Boyce. Lancet. Infectious Diseases (Print), 2006

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Systematic Review of Studies on Compliance with Hand Hygiene Guidelines in Hospital Care (2010, neutral): “! 20 % [8 3] 1 (2 ) [2 8, 60 , 67 , 81 , 83 , 87 , 10 2, 11 0] 8 (1 8) [2 8, 48 , 62 , 67 , 85 , 96 , 10 4] 7 (1 6) [2 4, 67 , 90 , 95 ] 4 (1 1)”
Clinical practice guideline: Adult sinusitis (2007, background): “Washing hands with soap or using an alcohol-based hand rub is one of the most effective strategies for reducing the risk of developing VRS.(219) Clinicians should counsel patients that smoking increases the risk of sinusitis.”
Role of hand hygiene in healthcare-associated infection prevention. (2009, background): “As a consequence, HCWs contaminate their hands by touching the environment or patients’ skin during routine care activities, sometimes even despite glove use.(2) It has been shown that organisms are capable of surviving on HCWs’ hands for at least several minutes following contamination.”
'My five moments for hand hygiene': a user-centred design approach to understand, train, monitor and report hand hygiene. (2007, methodology): “Second, it reduces the risk of a transmission of micro-organisms from a ‘colonised’ to a ‘clean’ body site within the same patient.(3,27) This routine moment for hand hygiene concerns all care actions associated with a risk of body fluid exposure and is not identical to the hopefully very rare case ”