Estimating the relative abundance of flush shoots in citrus with implications on monitoring insects associated with flush
By D. Hall, L. Albrigo. 2007
159 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Attention to the management of insects that feed on foliar flush growth has increased in Florida citrus as a result of the establishment of invasive plant diseases associated with insects that develop exclusively on flush. Citrus can be monitored to identify peak periods of flush abundance to time insecticide applications for these insects; however, guidelines for quantifying flush abundance are lacking. We therefore investigated sampling procedures for estimating flush abundance. A sampling method was devised to enable a quantitative estimation of flush shoots, defined as any shoot with immature leaves. A sample unit was the area within a 15 x 15 x 15-cm frame slipped into the outer edge of a tree with the end of a branch inside the frame. The number of flush shoots originating within the sample unit was counted. Three sample units were examined per tree in 45 randomly selected trees weekly during 2005 in each of two blocks of trees, one containing young 'Marsh' grapefruit (Citrus paradise Macf.) and one containing mature 'Temple' orange (tangors) [C. reticulate Blanco x C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. A pronounced abundance of flush was generally indicated by means of one or more flush shoots per sample in the particular trees studied. Variation in numbers of flush shoots per sample was similar within and among trees, differed significantly among sample dates, and did not differ significantly between the two blocks of trees overall sample dates. Taylor's power law coefficients indicated that, over all sample weeks, flush shoots were randomly distributed within the young grapefruit trees and only weakly aggregated within the block of mature oranges. Projections indicated that a sampling plan consisting of 40 trees (one sample per tree) would provide density estimates acceptable enough for general estimates at mean densities of one or more shoots per sample. An index of pest abundance based on mean pest density per flush shoot and mean density of flush shoots per sample is proposed.
Subfields: Cell Biology, Insect Science, Plant Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3bdf8f7de57920a1d334b4965b10d4309c07fc53
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Citations in the corpus
- Repellency and toxicity of plant‐based essential oils and their constituents against Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (2012, methodology): “citri are primarily associated with new growth (Catling 1970), we used fresh leaf flush [immature leaves of the growing shoots (Hall and Albrigo 2007)] for D.”
- Daily Timing of Mating and Age at Reproductive Maturity in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (2007, methodology): “For each 24-h series of photographs, we focused a camera on a young flush shoot (immature leaves as described by Hall & Albrigo 2007), and in some instances we simultaneously focused a second camera on a more mature shoot that branched from a common point with the flush shoot.”
- Behavioral evidence for a female‐produced sex attractant in Diaphorina citri (2008, background): “This culture is maintained on sour orange ( Citrus aurantium L.) and ‘Hamlin’ orange [ Citrus sinensis (L.)] (Rutaceae) seedlings with flush (immature leaves as described by Hall & Albrigo, 2007) in a greenhouse at 27–28 ° C, 60–65% r.h., and L14:D10 photoperiod.”
- Dormant season foliar sprays of broad-spectrum insecticides: an effective component of integrated management for Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in citrus orchards. (2010, background): “However, the typical pattern of shoot production in mature citrus trees in Florida is comprised of a growing season starting with a major flush in late winter and early spring, a relatively small flush in the early summer and some minor flushes during late summer and fall, followed by a dormant wint”
- Plant pathogen-induced volatiles attract parasitoids to increase parasitism of an insect vector (2014, methodology): “This culture is maintained on sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and " Hamlin " orange (Citrus sinensis L.) seedlings with flush [immature leaves as described in Hall and Albrigo (2007)] in a greenhouse at 27–28 • C, 60–65% R.H., and 14L: 10D photoperiod.”