Longitudinal field modes probed by single molecules.

By Lukás Novotný, M. Beversluis, K. Youngworth, T. Brown. Physical Review Letters, 2001

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Advances in communications using optical vortices (2016, background): “Polarization vortex beams have found interesting uses in sharp focus with super-resolution spots [8], plasmon excitation and tight focusing [9,10], single-molecule spectroscopy [11], lasing machining [12,13], electron and particle acceleration [14], and 3D optical trapping of nanoparticles, especial”
Single-photon sources (2005, background): “For example, for a linear dipole emitter such as a single molecule, the polarization pattern of the emitted photons depends on the orientation of the dipole moment (Fourkas 2001, Novotny et al 2001).”
Tailoring of arbitrary optical vector beams (2007, background): “These features may have applications in polarization spectroscopy of single molecules or microscopic crystals [7, 8], they are suggested as linear accelerator mechanisms for electron beams (radially polarized LG01 beams) [9, 10], and they might be used as addressing/switching mechanisms for magnetic”
Optical vortices in fiber (2013, background): “These beams have found several uses, such as realizing super-resolved spots [4], plasmonic nano-focussing [5], single-molecule spectroscopy [6], metal machining [7], and they are considered to be potentially useful for laser-based electron and particle acceleration [8].”