Impact of uncertainties in atmospheric mixing on simulated UTLS composition and related radiative effects

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A microphysics guide to cirrus – Part 2: Climatologies of clouds and humidity from observations (2020, background): “This is of importance, since already small amounts of H2O can influence the stratospheric radiation budget (Solomon et al., 2010; Riese et al., 2012).”
Introduction to the SPARC Reanalysis Intercomparison Project (S-RIP) and overview of the reanalysis systems (2016, background): “Given the importance of water vapour in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) for radiative forcing (e.g., Forster and Shine, 2002; Randel et al., 2007; Gettelmann et al., 2011; Riese et al., 2012), large 15 biases in the representation of the water vapour gradients across the tropopau”
Horizontal water vapor transport in the lower stratosphere from subtropics to high latitudes during boreal summer (2013, background): “Second, irreversible small-scale mixing, as parameterized in the CLaMS model, causes moistening of the lower stratosphere due to diffusive water vapor transport across the tropopause [Riese et al., 2012].”