Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) resistance to spinosad

By J. Moulton, D. Pepper, T. Dennehy. 2000

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A review of Spinosyns, a derivative of biological acting substances as a class of insecticides with a broad range of action against many insect pests (2016, background): “A population strain of S. exigua, manifesting a reduced susceptibility to spinosad, has been detected in Thailand (Moulton et al., 2000).”
Spinosyn resistance in the tomato borer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (2014, background): “Resistance to spinosad has previously been reported in the laboratory and the field a few years after the introduction of spinosad to control Lepidoptera (Moulton et al. 2000; Zhao et al. 2002; Shono and Scott 2003).”
Monitoring of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance to chlorantraniliprole in China (2011, background): “exigua due to the insecticide resistance, and the resistance cases to various types of traditional insecticides have been documented in China [4–7] and other countries [8–13], some populations have developed resistance to newer insecticides such as spinosad [14–16], tebufenozide [17] and Bacillus th”