First infection by all four non-severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronaviruses takes place during childhood
By Wei-min Zhou, Wen Wang, Huijuan Wang, R. Lu, W. Tan. 2013
127 citations recorded by the source corpus.
BackgroundNon-severe acute respiratory syndrome (non-SARS)-related human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including HCoV-229E, -HKU1, -NL63, and -OC43, have been detected in respiratory tract samples from children and adults. However, the natural prevalence of antibodies against these viruses in serum among population is unknown.MethodsTo measure antibodies to the spike (S) protein of the four common non-SARS HCoVs, recombinant S proteins of the four HCoVs were expressed and characterised in 293 T cell. An S-protein-based indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was then developed to detect anti-S IgG and IgM for the four individual HCoVs and applied to serum samples from a general asymptomatic population (218 children and 576 adults) in Beijing.ResultsOf 794 blood samples tested, only 29 (3.65%) were negative for anti-S IgG. The seropositivity of the four anti-S IgG antibodies was >70% within the general population. The majority of seroconversions to four-HCoV positivity first occurred in children. Both S-IgG and S-IgM antibodies were detectable among children and increased with age, reaching a plateau at 6 years of age. However, no anti-S IgM was detected in healthy adults.ConclusionLarge proportions of children and adults in Beijing have evidence of anti-S IgG against four the HCoVs, and first infections by all four non-SARS HCoVs takes place during childhood.
Subfields: Animal Science and Zoology, Infectious Diseases
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In Infectious Diseases
Citations in the corpus
- Direct Observation of Repeated Infections With Endemic Coronaviruses (2020, background): “Several studies in the last four decades have shown that infections with the 4 endemic 192 coronaviruses 229E, OC43, NL63 and HKU are common in the general population [8] [9].”
- SARS-CoV-2 Re-infections: Lessons from Other Coronaviruses (2020, background): “This is because people experience their first seasonal coronavirus infection in the very first years of life, with seropositivity reaching plateau by the age of 4 to 6 years.(1)”
- Identification of the Receptor-Binding Domain of the Spike Glycoprotein of Human Betacoronavirus HKU1 (2015, background): “6 the majority of children have been exposed to HKU1 before age 6 (32).”