Graphene–silicon phase modulators with gigahertz bandwidth
By Vito Sorianello, Michele Midrio, Giampiero Contestabile, Inge Asselberghs, J. V. Campenhout, Cedric Huyghebaert, I. Goykhman, A. Ott, Andrea Ferrari, M. Romagnoli. Nature Photonics, 2017
320 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The modulator is a key component in optical communications. Several graphene-based amplitude modulators have been reported based on electro-absorption. However, graphene phase modulators (GPMs) are necessary for functions such as applying complex modulation formats or making switches or phased arrays. Here, we present a 10 Gb s–1 GPM integrated in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer configuration. This is a compact device based on a graphene-insulator–silicon capacitor, with a phase-shifter length of 300 μm and extinction ratio of 35 dB. The GPM has a modulation efficiency of 0.28 V cm at 1,550 nm. It has 5 GHz electro-optical bandwidth and operates at 10 Gb s–1 with 2 V peak-to-peak driving voltage in a push–pull configuration for binary transmission of a non-return-to-zero data stream over 50 km of single-mode fibre. This device is the key building block for graphene-based integrated photonics, enabling compact and energy-efficient hybrid graphene–silicon modulators for telecom, datacom and other applications. A 10 Gb s–1 phase modulator based on a graphene-on-silicon Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is reported. The compact device has a phase-shifter length of only 300 μm and provides modulation of light at 1,550 nm with a 35 dB extinction ratio.
Subfields: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials Chemistry
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3a8e1ded1c81f9e0e2c7d0a115f16aa8e272a629
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Citations in the corpus
- Taking silicon photonics modulators to a higher performance level: state-of-the-art and a review of new technologies (2021, background): “This voltage tunes the Fermi level of graphene to enable or inhibit the interband transitions by excitation of electrons through the incident photons.(201,289) This change in absorption due to carrier accumulation in the graphene sheet results in modulation of light propagating in the waveguide.”
- Ultra-compact integrated graphene plasmonic photodetector with bandwidth above 110 GHz (2018, background): “Graphene, a unique CMOS compatible two-dimensional (2D) material, provides great potential in the realization of high-performance optoelectronic devices [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10].”