An Orphan in the “Field of Streams”

By V. Belokurov, N. Evans II, M. Irwin, D. Lynden-Bell, Brian Yanny, S. Vidrih, G. Gilmore, G. Seabroke, D. Zucker, M. Wilkinson and 19 more. 2006

230 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We use Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 5 photometry and spectroscopy to study a tidal stream that extends over ~50° in the north Galactic cap. From the analysis of the path of the stream and the colors and magnitudes of its stars, the stream is ~20 kpc away at its nearest detection (the celestial equator). We detect a distance gradient: the stream is farther away from us at higher declination. The contents of the stream are made up from a predominantly old and metal-poor population that is similar to the globular clusters M13 and M92. The integrated absolute magnitude of the stream stars is estimated to be Mr ~ -7.5. There is tentative evidence for a velocity signature, with the stream moving at ~-40 km s-1 at low declinations and ~+100 km s-1 at high declinations. The stream lies on the same great circle as Complex A, a roughly linear association of H I high-velocity clouds stretching over ~30° on the sky, and as Ursa Major II, a recently discovered dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Lying close to the same great circle are a number of anomalous, young, and metal-poor globular clusters, including Palomar 1 and Ruprecht 106.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3a5ebbff1ea68982747192719dc0114f071d4669

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Citations in the corpus

STELLAR TIDAL STREAMS IN SPIRAL GALAXIES OF THE LOCAL VOLUME: A PILOT SURVEY WITH MODEST APERTURE TELESCOPES (2010, background): “…2007b, Grillmair 2006) and (ii) enormous clouds of debris that resemble our current understandings of the expansive Tri-And and Virgo overdensities and the Hercules-Aquila cloud in the Galactic halo (Rocha-Pinto et al. 2004, Belokurov et al. 2007a, Martinez-Delgado et al. 2007, Juric et al. 2008).”
THE GHOSTS SURVEY. I. HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE ADVANCED CAMERA FOR SURVEYS DATA (2011, background): “In particular, the SDSS has now detected significant substructure in our stellar halo both spatially (Belokurov et al. 2006; Bell et al. 2008) and in metallicity space (Belokurov et al. 2007b; Carollo et al. 2007; Ivezić et al. 2008).”
Galactic stellar haloes in the CDM model (2009, background): “…user on 17 April 2018 diffuse overdensities (Jurić et al. 2008; Belokurov et al. 2007a; Watkins et al. 2009), the Monoceros ‘ring’ (Newberg et al. 2002; Ibata et al. 2003; Yanny et al. 2003), the orphan stream (Belokurov et al. 2007b) and other kinematically cold debris (Schlaufman et al. 2009).”
THE SAGITTARIUS DWARF GALAXY: A MODEL FOR EVOLUTION IN A TRIAXIAL MILKY WAY HALO (2010, background): “…Monoceros tidal stream (e.g., Peñarrubia et al. 2005), the Magellanic Clouds17 (e.g., Besla et al. 2007; Rŭžička et al. 2007), the “orphan stream” (Belokurov et al. 2007), the GD-1 stream (Koposov et al. 2009), the newfound Cetus Polar Stream (Newberg et al. 2009), and tidally disrupting…”
Stellar Streams Discovered in the Dark Energy Survey (2018, background): “…al. 2015; Das & Binney 2016) and by vastly increasing the number of known satellite galaxies (e.g., Willman et al. 2005a,b; Zucker et al. 2006a,b; Belokurov et al. 2006a, 2007b), stellar clouds (e.g., Newberg et al. 2002; Yanny et al. 2003; Rocha-Pinto et al. 2004), and stellar streams (e.g.,…”
CONSTRAINING THE MILKY WAY POTENTIAL WITH A SIX-DIMENSIONAL PHASE-SPACE MAP OF THE GD-1 STELLAR STREAM (2009, background): “…et al. 2002), two northern tidal arms of the disrupting Sagittarius galaxy (Belokurov et al. 2006), the so called “Orphan” stream (Grillmair 2006; Belokurov et al. 2007b), the Aquila overdensity (Belokurov et al. 2007a) and the very long thin stellar stream called GD-1 (Grillmair & Dionatos 2006b).”
The Milky Way Tomography with SDSS. II. Stellar Metallicity (2008, background): “…et al. 2000; Yanny et al. 2000; Vivas et al. 2001; Newberg et al. 2002; Gilmore, Wyse & Norris 2002; Majewski et al. 2003; Duffau, Zinn & Vivas 2006; Vivas & Zinn 2006; Grillmair 2006ab; Belokurov et al. 2006, 2007; Bell et al. 2007; Jurić et al. 2008) have deeply shaken this standard view.”
SEGUE: A SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF 240,000 STARS WITH g = 14–20 (2009, background): “The five streams are Sagittarius (Yanny et al. 2000), Monoceros (Newberg et al. 2002), Orphan (Belokurov et al. 2007b), Virgo (Vivas et al. 2001; Juric et al. 2008) and GD-1 (Grillmair & Dionatos 2006).”
Cold gas accretion in galaxies (2008, background): “To our knowledge, a clear association of these features with H I has not been shown yet, except, perhaps, for the association between the Orphan stream and complex A discussed by Belokurov et al. (2007) [9].”
Ultra–Low Surface Brightness Imaging with the Dragonfly Telephoto Array (2014, background): “Both the Milky Way and M31 are embedded in a complex network of streams and tails, which extend out to several hundred kpc (Ibata et al. 2001; Belokurov et al. 2007; McConnachie et al. 2009).”
LAMOST Experiment for Galactic Understanding and Exploration (LEGUE) — The survey's science plan (2012, methodology): “Using SDSS/SEGUE as an example, instances where kinematicsh ve been measured for substructures (e.g., Belokurov et al. 2007, Newberg et al. 2009, Willett etal.”
Galactic Searches for Dark Matter (2012, background): “Using SDSS data release 7, Guo et al. (2011) measure the satellite luminosity function down to the magnitude scale of Fornax, which is about eight magnitudes fainter than the Milky Way.”
METALLICITY GRADIENTS IN THE MILKY WAY DISK AS OBSERVED BY THE SEGUE SURVEY (2011, background): “Streams in the halo of the Milky Way (e.g., Newberg et al. 2002; Belokurov et al. 2007) and other galaxies (e.g., Ibata et al. 2001; Mart́ınez-Delgado et al. 2010) provide observational evidence of such accretion events.”
LIGHT CURVE TEMPLATES AND GALACTIC DISTRIBUTION OF RR LYRAE STARS FROM SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY STRIPE 82 (2009, background): “The observed distribution, shown in the top panel, has two overdense regions within 30 kpc; the one at R.A. ∼ 30◦ can be identified as the trailing arm of the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal (dSph) tidal stream (Ivezić et al. 2003), while the other at R.A ∼ 330◦ is likely associated with the Hercules-”
The Accretion Origin of the Milky Way’s Stellar Halo (2007, background): “Consequently, a number of groups have searched for sub- 1 structure in the Milky Way’s stellar halo, identifying at least 3 large-scale features — tidal tails from the disruption of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, the Low-Latitude stream, and the Virgo overdensity (Ibata, Gilmore, & Irwin 1995; Yanny ”
The total mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud from its perturbation on the Orphan stream (2018, unknown): “Here, we present the results of a comprehensive modelling of the Orphan stream (OS, Grillmair 2006; Belokurov et al. 2007), inspired by its recent detection in the Gaia data presented in Koposov et al. (2019).”
The VPOS: a vast polar structure of satellite galaxies, globular clusters and streams around the Milky Way (2012, methodology): “Orphan: For the present analysis, the recently published new investigation of the Orphan Stream by Newberg et al. (2010) is used, instead of the discovery papers (Grillmair 2006a; Belokurov et al. 2007).”